Environmental protection agency epa, in order of priority, a list of hazardous substances. Chromium has been found at 1,036 of the 1,591 national priority list sites identified by the environmental protection agency epa. Us department of health and human services, public health service. In 2005, the agency for toxic substances and disease registry atsdr issued a toxicological profile for tungsten, identifying several data gaps in the hazard assessment of tungsten. Overview agency for toxic substances and disease registry. Chemical and physical information toxicological profile. Both hexavalent chromium compounds and nonhexavalent chromium compounds are recognized by the association of occupational and environmental clinics aoec as asthmagens. Department of health and human services, public health service. An update toxicological profile for trichloroethylene was released in april 1993. The agency maintains a toxic substances portal that compiles all of the agencys toxicology information and allows users to search by chemical.
We are submitting comments on the environmental protection agencys preliminary materials for. Chromium is a naturally occurring element found in rocks, animals, plants, soil, and in volcanic dust and gases. Environmental protection agency epa technical editingdocument preparation by. A combination of genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors contributes to adverse effects on the reproductive health in men.
Windows of sensitivity to toxic chemicals in the development of reproductive effects. Toxicological profiles are revised and republished as necessary. Inhalation cancer risk assessment of hexavalent chromium based on updated mortality for painesville chromate production workers. Hexavalent chromium is a strong oxidizing agent and may react with organic matter or other reducing agents to form trivalent chromium. Apr 20, 2016 the agency for toxic substances and disease registry atsdr toxicological profile succinctly characterizes the toxicologic and adverse health effects information for mercury. The trivalent chromium will eventually be precipitated as cr2o3xh2o. The agency for toxic substances and disease registry atsdr toxicological profile succinctly characterizes the toxicologic and adverse health effects information for mercury. Chromium vi is a strong oxidants which is highly corrosive and carcinogenic 1,2,3. Reprodev noaels in ntp studies provide sufficient data for risk assessment 2. Mortality and incidence of tumours among ferrochromium workers. A toxicological profile for toxaphene was released in august 1994.
Atsdr minimal risk levels and worksheets toxicological. Atsdr toxicological profile, coal ash in context total average daily arsenic exposure from food 0. Therefore, in surface water rich in organic content, hexavalent chromium will exhibit a much shorter lifetime callahan et al. The original guidelines were published in the federal register on april 17, 1987. Review of carcinogenicity of hexavalent chrome and. No taste or odor is associated with chromium compounds. A toxicological perspective prepared for the groundwater resources association emerging contaminants symposium february, 2014 research project funded by the cr 6 panel of the american chemistry council. A toxicological profile for chromium, draft for public comment was released in september 2008. Used in paints and inks, ceramics, and in textile dyeing. For more information on radiation, see appendix d and the glossary, chapter 10, at the end of this profile or. Pdf windows of sensitivity to toxic chemicals in the. The intent is not to provide an exhaustive list of analytical methods, but to identify wellestablished methods that are used as the standard methods of analysis.
A final toxicological profile for uranium has been made available online by atsdr. Chromium iii update statement toxicological profiles are revised and republished as necessary, but no less than once every three years. This information is important because this substance may harm you. Chromium is a transition element with the chemical symbol cr and atomic number 24 that belongs to group 6 of the periodic table. Agency for toxic substances and disease registry atsdr toxicological profile for chlorinated dibenzopdioxins cdds. Prepared under contract number 205930606chemical managersauthors. The toxicity of uranium is mainly due to chemical damage to the kidneys or respiratory tract, with adverse effect levels varying depending on the particular. Studies with reprodev loaels that are lower than ntp noaels are of lower quality and of questionable utility for risk assessment 3. Volatile organic compounds in drinking water and adverse pregnancy outcome. Chromium vi, which is the subject of this study, is scarce in the nature and mainly produced in industrial sites. The atsdr toxicological profile succinctly characterizes the toxicologic and adverse health effects information for the hazardous substance described here. Chromium iii occurs naturally in the environment and is an essential nutrient. According to the atsdr, the oral minimal risk levels mrls for daily exposure to cobalt, copper, and chromium are 0. Department of health and human services, public health service, agency for toxic substances and disease registry, atlanta, georgia, 1997j.
Database for reproductive and developmental effects key points. Elemental chromium has a cas registry number of 7440473. Inhalation cancer risk assessment of hexavalent chromium. One curie is the amount of radioactive material in which 37 billion atoms transform every second. The uses of chromium compounds depend on the valency of chromium, where trivalent cr iii compounds are used for dietary cr supplementation and. However, excessive intake of cobalt and chromium can cause harmful side effects such as severe cardiovascular or respiratory conditions and cancer agency for toxic substances and disease registry atsdr, 2019a, b, c. Integrated risk information system iris april 2010 note. Toxic substances and disease registry atsdr and the environmental protection agency epa. Atsdr agency for toxic substances and disease registry. This fact sheet answers the most frequently asked health questions about chromium.
Hexavalent chromium crvi is a metal widely used in. Hexavalent chromium crvi is a metal widely used in industry because of its hardness, anticorrosive properties and bright colored salts. Department of health and human services public health service agency for toxic substances and disease registry september 2003. Each profile will be revised and republished as necessary. Chromium cr is a type of heavy metal that is used in many industrial applications. Chromic sulfate is a dark green to violet crystalline material. Lung cancer is the second most common type of cancer and the leading cause of cancer death in the united states. Chromium toxicity is a condition caused by excess amounts of chromium in the body. In addition, chromium vi is the more readily absorbed by both inhalation and oral routes.
The combination of the increased concern regarding selenium toxicity and the reduction in the selenium rda indicated to atsdr that an agency reevaluation of selenium from a toxicological perspective is warranted. Atsdrtp88io toxicological profile for chromium date published july 1989 prepared by. This edition supersedes any previously released draft or final profile. As part of its mandate, the agency for toxic substances and disease registry atsdr prepares toxicological profiles on hazardous chemicals found at comprehensive environmental response, compensation, and liability act cercla national priorities list npl sites, which have the greatest public health impact. Its main uses are in stainless steel production, chrome plating, anticorrosive and refractory applications, as a pigment in paints and dyes, and in leather tanning barnhart, 1997.
Agency for toxic substances and disease registry division of toxicologytoxicology information branch. The primary sources of hexavalent chromium in the atmosphere are chromate chemicals used as rust inhibitors in cooling towers and emitted as mists, particulate matter emitted during manufacture and use of metal chromates, and chromic acid mist from the plating industry atsdr, 1993. Xray absorption spectroscopy examination of cr, co, and. Analytical methods toxicological profile for chromium. The comprehensive environmental response, compensation, and liability act cercla 42 u. Agency for toxic substances and disease registrys 1997. The atsdr toxicological profile succinctly characterizes the toxicologic and adverse health effects information for the toxic substances each profile describes. Menkes disease is explained by a deficiency of copper and wilson disease is characterized by excessive copper content in the body. Chromium is present in the environment in several different forms. Agency for toxic substances and disease registry wikipedia. Chromium vi at high levels can damage the nose and can cause cancer. Crvi docket epahqord201403 environmental working group is a research and advocacy nonprofit organization working to protect our nations waters from pollution and ensure safe drinking water for all americans. This document is a reassessment of the noncancer and cancer health effects associated with the oral route of exposure and includes a mode of action analysis.
For information regarding the update status of previously released profiles, contact atsdr at. A toxicological profile for benzene, draft for public comment was released in august 2005. The purpose of this chapter is to describe the analytical methods that are available for detecting, measuring, andor monitoring chromium compounds, their metabolites, and other biomarkers of exposure to chromium compounds. We are submitting comments on the environmental protection agencys preliminary materials for the. For information regarding the update status of previously released profiles, contact. Chronic exposure to particulate chromate induces premature. Prepared by syracuse research corporation under contract 68c80004. The atsdr toxicological profile succinctly characterizes the toxicologic and adverse health. For more information on radiation, see appendix d and the glossary, chapter 10, at the end of this profile or the atsdr toxicological profile for ionizing radiation. Atsdr has adopted the position that mrls will not be derived from serious health effects. Atsdr evaluation of health effects of tungsten and.
Although cigarette smoking accounts for most cases, about 9%15% of cases can be attributed to environmental and occupational exposures such as asbestos, tar, soot, radiation, and metals alberg and samet, 2003. Atsdr also publishes toxfaqs, toxguides, and public health statements, which summarize the health information in toxicological profiles for use by the general public and health professionals. Toxicological profile for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons pahs. For more information, you may call the atsdr information center at 18884228737. Recent reports including national institute for occupational safety and health niosh have reflected recent research findings in the areas of epidemiology, risk assessment, and. The chemical abstracts service cas registry numbers for trivalent and hexavalent chromium are 16065833 and 18540299, respectively. Atsdr evaluation of the health effects of zinc and relevance. Chromium toxicological overview toxicological overview summary of health effects the toxicity of chromium depends on the oxidation state, chromium vi being more toxic than the trivalent form chromium iii. A primary risk factor for chromium toxicity is the exposure environment. It is used in various chemical, industrial and manufacturing applications such as wood preservation and metallurgy. This conversion may have resulted in character translation or format errors. A toxicological profile for xylene, draft for public comment was released in september 2005. All atsdr toxicological profile pdf files are electronic conversions from paper copy or other electronic ascii text files.
Xray absorption spectroscopy examination of cr, co, and cu. Aug, 2018 chromium toxicity is a condition caused by excess amounts of chromium in the body. This fact sheet is one in a series of summaries about hazardous substances and their health effects. The original guidelines were published in the federal register on april 17, 1987p. This edition supersedesany previously released draft or final profile.
Toxicological profiles tox profiles are a unique compilation of toxicological information on a given hazardous substance. Exposure to chromium occurs from ingesting contaminated food or drinking water or breathing contaminated workplace air. Atsdr evaluation of the health effects of zinc and. Chromium agency for toxic substances and disease registry, 4770 buford hwy ne, atlanta, ga 30341 contact cdc. Uranium naturally occurs in nearly all rocks and soils, with average intakes from food of 0. This toxicological profile is prepared in accordance with guidelines developed by the agency for toxic substances and disease registry atsdr and the environmental protection agency epa. Hexavalent chromium in air eventually reacts with dust. Chromium cr is a metallic element belonging to the first transitional series of the periodic table. Atsdr evaluation of health effects of tungsten and relevance. In support of superfund reauthorization legislation, the division of toxicology of the agency for toxic substances and disease registry atsdr prepared a chemicalspecific consultation document for congress that identified those chemicals with carcinogenic, neurological, or developmental adverse effects having a latency period longer than 6 years.
Other pertinent literature is also presented, but is described in less detail than the key studies. United states marine corps base camp lejeune, north carolina, u. Toxicological profiles are revised and republished as necessary, but no less than once every three years. The most common forms are chromium 0, chromium iii, and chromium vi.
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